Contrast Enhancement

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• Histogram equalization: redistributes intensities globally for uniform contrast.

• CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization): applies local equalization with histogram clipping to avoid noise amplification. Preferred for SEM/TEM images with non-uniform illumination.

• Gamma correction: non-linear brightness adjustment.

See also

• Histograms — the equalization theory behind these operations

• Denoising — usually applied before contrast enhancement

• Background Correction — for non-uniform illumination CLAHE doesn’t fully remove

• Image Preprocessing — every other preprocessing operation