Spectroscopy, Tomography, and Other Techniques

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Electrochemical imaging is not limited to microscopy. Spectroscopic techniques add compositional and chemical-state information, while tomographic techniques reconstruct full 3D volumes rather than 2-D projections:

  • Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDS): elemental mapping alongside SEM/TEM.

  • Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD): crystallographic orientation mapping.

  • X-ray tomography (µCT): 3D reconstruction of electrode microstructure at micron resolution.

  • Focused ion beam (FIB) tomography: serial sectioning for 3D reconstruction at nanometre resolution.

See also