Gabor¶
A Gabor filter is a sinusoidal wave at a chosen frequency and orientation, windowed by a Gaussian envelope — it responds strongly to texture that repeats at that specific frequency and direction, and weakly to everything else. Applying a bank of Gabor filters at several orientations (and often several frequencies) gives an orientation-selective texture description: which parts of the image have fine grain-like texture running roughly horizontally, which run vertically, and so on. This makes Gabor features well suited to distinguishing textured phases or materials that differ mainly in the directionality of their surface pattern rather than their raw intensity.
See also
Local Binary Pattern (LBP) — a non-oriented, local texture descriptor
Structure Tensor Coherence — another way to quantify local orientation
Feature Extraction — every other feature